Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is a white solid when pure that sublimes on heating and, in the presence of moisture, decomposes with the evolution of hydrogen chloride. Anhydrous aluminum chloride is manufactured primarily by the reaction of chlorine vapor on molten aluminum.
2Al + 3Cl2 → 2AlCl3
In the process, chlorine is fed in below the surface of the aluminum, and the product sublimes and is collected by condensing. These air-cooled condensers are thin-walled, vertical steel cylinders with conical bottoms. Aluminum chloride crystals form on the condenser walls and are periodically removed, crushed, screened, and packaged in steel containers. Aluminum chloride is used in the petroleum industries and various aspects of organic chemistry technology. For example, aluminum chloride is a catalyst in the alkylation of paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons by olefins and also in the formation of complex ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acid derivatives.
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